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Our new website AutoUpkeep.com is now available! Make sure you click the link and take a look at all of the excellent new resources in the Auto Learning Center and basic car care questions and answers in the Q & A Center.
Car Care Questions - Auto Upkeep Q & A
We invite you to use our FREE Auto Upkeep Q & A resource. We have posted frequently asked car care questions below for visitors to view. (Note: To search this page quickly hold the Ctrl key and press F for Find on Page - a small window should appear prompting you to enter the text you want to search.)
If you are unable to find the answers to your car care questions, feel free to fill out and submit the Car Care Question Form. Please include your email address so we can reply to you directly.
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Frequently Asked Questions
3/14/04
Car Wash Soap
Q: Is it OK for me to use a dish detergent when washing my car?
A: Dish detergents are not chemically designed for cars and may strip the wax off your vehicle’s finish. Use only auto-approved soaps when washing your car. Auto-approved soaps are formulated to float away the dirt and grime without harming the finish.
3/14/04
Serpentine Belts
Q: My mechanic told me that I need a new serpentine belt. What is a serpentine belt?
A: A serpentine belt is sometimes referred to as a fan belt. However, a serpentine belt may or may not rotate the fan. It is flat on one side and has grooves that run parallel with the belt on the other. The serpentine belt connects the engine’s crankshaft, alternator, water pump, power steering pump, air conditioning compressor, and sometimes the fan. If the serpentine belt breaks, you will need a tow. To be on the safe side, replace it about every 50,000 miles.
3/21/04
Hybrid Vehicles
Q: What is a hybrid vehicle and why should I consider one for my next vehicle purchase?
A: Any vehicle that combines multiple power sources for movement is considered a hybrid. Hybrid vehicles on the market today use an electric motor and an internal combustion engine for propulsion. Hybrids evolved from electric vehicles but have eliminated their predecessor’s inconveniences of short driving distances and the need to be plugged in. Hybrids combine the convenience of a gasoline-burning car and the efficiency of an electric car into one reliable mode of transportation. Hybrids are not plugged in like electric vehicles. The internal combustion engine on a hybrid recharges the batteries as well as supplements the electric motor to move the vehicle. Hybrid passenger cars like the Honda Civic Hybrid, Honda Insight, and Toyota Prius are extremely fuel efficient (50-70 mpg) and low polluting. Look for hybrid SUVs in the near future. For example, the Ford Escape Hybrid SUV will be available later this year. Consider buying a hybrid if you want to lower your fuel bill and reduce harmful emissions.
3/21/04
Tire Rotations
Q: My mechanic told me that I should rotate the tires on my car. What is the benefit of rotating tires and how often does this need to be done?
A: Rotating increases the life of the tires. Tires can wear differently from side to side and from front to back. Rotate tires every other oil change or at 7,500 mile intervals to even out the wear. Look in your owner’s manual for specific procedures. If frequently rotated and properly inflated, tires should last about 50,000 - 60,000 miles.
3/28/04
Octane Ratings
Q: What is the difference between regular and premium gasoline and is it worth spending the extra money for premium?
A: Pumps are commonly labeled regular, mid-grade, or premium. The main difference in the fuel is the octane number. Regular is commonly 87, mid-grade 89, and premium 92-93. The higher the octane number the more the fuel resists combusting under compression. If the octane rating is too low for your specific engine design, the engine may “ping” due to the fuel igniting prematurely. Use the recommended octane number that is listed in your owner’s manual. Try a higher octane fuel only if your engine “pings” or “knocks”. If your engine runs fine on the recommended octane number, stay with that grade of fuel and don’t spend more money on a premium fuel.
3/28/04
Transmission Fluid Servicing
Q: How often do I need to change the fluid in my automatic transmission?
A: Many technicians recommend 30,000 to 50,000 miles between transmission fluid changes, but it depends on the vehicle and driving conditions. Always consult your owner’s manual for service intervals. Tranny fluid is commonly changed using two methods. In the first method the transmission pan is removed to access the filter. This method removes only about 1/3 of all the fluid in the tranny. Another method, called flushing, removes all of the fluid. However, depending on the flushing method and the service facility, the filter may not get changed. I recommend getting the tranny flushed and the filter replaced. This will allow the technician to inspect inside the transmission for any metal shavings or debris that could predict a future transmission failure. This procedure may cost you $100 to $150, but is cheap insurance considering a tranny rebuild can cost $1500 to $2500.
4/4/04
Gasoline Markups
Q: How much do gas stations make on a gallon of gas?
A: Gas stations make about 5-6% on a gallon of gas. For example, if gas is $1.70 the station makes about 8-10 cents on each gallon sold. Then if the customer uses a credit card, the station may lose 1-3% of the sale to the credit card company. In reality, stations make more money on service work or convenience items than on gasoline. For example, a can of soda is commonly marked up 100%.
4/4/04
Brake Pad Wear
Q: How long should brake pads last on cars?
A: Brake pad wear depends on the vehicle and how it is driven. A car driven in stop and go traffic is surely going to wear the brakes faster than one that is mostly highway driven. Trucks, SUV’s, and other vehicles that tow trailers will wear brakes faster than average passenger cars. Excessive brake use during mountainous type driving will increase brake wear. On most new vehicles you should be able to get at least 50,000 miles on a set of brake pads. It is not unheard of to get up to 75,000 - 100,000 miles. But again, if you are hard on your brakes by frequently making quick stops you may get substantially less mileage on them.
4/11/04
Antifreeze Color
Q: Why is the antifreeze in my car orange? I thought antifreeze was supposed to be green.
A: Antifreeze comes in various colors depending on the manufacturer. However, there are basically two types: extended life antifreeze and standard (traditional) antifreeze. Both standard antifreeze (usually green) and extended life antifreeze (commonly orange or red) are ethylene glycol based, their differences exist in the rust inhibitors and additives. Since car manufacturers use different types and colors, always check your owner’s manual for the specific type of antifreeze in your vehicle before adding. When adding antifreeze, make a solution of 50% distilled water to 50% antifreeze. And remember, ethylene glycol based antifreeze is toxic to humans and animals – dispose of it properly.
4/11/04
Tire Pricing
Q: I was pricing a set of tires and got confused. What should be included when pricing tires?
A: When pricing tires, make sure the service center includes mounting, balancing, disposal, and new valve stems. They may also give you the option to add or may include road hazard insurance. Road hazard insurance will cover the cost of repairing or replacing your tire if it is damaged during the warranty period. Always replace tires in complete sets or pairs.
4/18/04
Car Values
Q: I am looking to sell my car and want to find out how much it is worth. What are good resources to use to help me appraise my car?
A: I recommend using www.kbb.com (Kelley Blue Book) or www.edmunds.com. These websites can be used to estimate the value of your vehicle and help you look for a new one. To get the most accurate estimate with online calculators, be realistic when identifying the condition of your vehicle.
4/18/04
Clicking Noise
Q: What might cause a clicking noise when I turn sharply on my front-wheel drive car?
A: Worn CV joints can cause a clicking noise. CV (Constant Velocity) joints are used on front-wheel, four-wheel, and all-wheel drive vehicles. The CV shaft transfers power from the transmission to the wheels. The joint is the flexible part in the shaft. It needs to be flexible to allow for suspension movement and turning. If the boot around the CV joint gets torn, dirt and moisture may enter and the grease in the joint may come out. Foreign particles, with the absence of a sufficient quantity of grease, corrode and ruin the joint. Eventually if the joint is not replaced it will break and you will need to be towed.
4/25/04
Engine Oil
Q: What is the difference between 5W-30, 10W-30, and 10W-40 oils?
A: The difference in the oils is viscosity. Viscosity is defined as the resistance to flow. Oils that have two numbers in their rating are called multi-grade oils. Oils that have lower numbers are lighter (thinner) than oils that have higher numbers. Multi-grade oils are tested at various temperatures, allowing them to be used in a variety of climates and conditions. When the engine is cold the oil must be thin enough to get to all of the engine’s components, but when the engine warms up the oil must not be too thin as to enhance engine wear. For example, 5W-30 oil acts like SAE 5 when cold and SAE 30 when warm. Always refer to your owner’s manual for the correct viscosity rating for your vehicle.
4/25/04
Wax Frequency
Q: How often should I wax my car?
A: Most wax manufacturers suggest you wax your vehicle 2-3 times a year. Traditionally automotive wax has been made from carnauba wax. However, today there are some 100% synthetic waxes on the market. Wax adds shine and protection to your vehicle’s finish. Be sure to thoroughly wash your vehicle before you wax it. And don’t apply carnauba waxes in direct sunlight or if the paint surface is hot.
5/2/04
Fuse Ratings
Q: I have a fuse that continues to blow in my car. Can I replace it with one that has a higher amp rating to keep it from blowing?
A: Never replace a blown fuse with one that has a higher amperage rating. Severe electrical damage could result. The fuse needs to be the weak link in order to protect components in the electrical circuit. If the fuse continues to blow, too much current is trying to get to the intended load. Bring your car to a shop that specializes in auto electric problems.
5/2/04
Tire Repairs
Q: Do you recommend using liquid tire sprays to fix a leaking tire?
A: I would only recommended using liquid tire sprays in emergency situations. The liquid can corrode the inside of the rim and throw the tire off balance. A better fix is to have the tire plugged or patched. A technician can plug a tire without removing it from the rim. However, when a tire is patched it needs to be removed from the rim. Always have the tire and wheel assembly rebalanced if the tire was taken off the rim during the repair.
5/9/04
Increasing Fuel Mileage
Q: With the national average gas price at $1.84 a gallon, what are some ways I can get better fuel mileage on my vehicle without making drastic changes in my lifestyle?
A: Performing periodic maintenance is extremely important in attaining the best fuel economy. Some of the most important ways to increase fuel economy include inflating tires to the correct pressure, installing a clean air filter, and performing required tune-ups.
5/9/04
Thermostat
Q: What does the thermostat do in an engine?
A: The thermostat is the brain of the cooling system. It senses and controls the temperature of the coolant. When an engine is cold, the thermostat is closed. This keeps the coolant from circulating to the radiator, allowing the engine to warm up to the most efficient operating temperature. Once the engine temperature reaches the thermostat rating, the thermostat opens. When the thermostat opens, the coolant flows to the radiator where it releases heat and circulates back to the engine.
5/16/04
Shocks and Struts
Q: When my car was new it handled great around corners. Now it seems to be swaying and I feel like I have less control. What could be causing this?
A: Shocks and struts are used to make a vehicle’s ride smooth and improve handling while driving. Shocks are used in conjunction with springs, whereas struts often combine the shock and spring into one unit. Your car will need new shocks or struts if fluid is leaking from them or your vehicle sways excessively around corners. Replace shocks and struts in pairs. Depending on the vehicle, you may need to have the wheels realigned after replacing the struts.
5/16/04
Check Engine Light
Q: My check engine light came on after I filled up my tank with gas. What could be the problem?
A: A loose gas cap can trigger the check engine light to go on. Make sure your gas cap is tight. On some vehicles, you should turn the gas cap until it clicks three times to make sure it is tight. If tightening the gas cap does not make the check engine light turn off and you cannot diagnose the problem, it is a good idea to take your vehicle to a mechanic to make sure there is not a serious engine problem.
5/23/04
Hybrid Car Upkeep
Q: What is the upkeep and maintenance on a hybrid car?
A: The upkeep and maintenance on a hybrid vehicle is pretty much the same as on a conventional vehicle. Hybrids need ordinary preventative maintenance like changing oil, replacing filters, adding fluids, and rotating tires just like regular vehicles. Hybrid specific parts, such as the NiMH battery packs and high-voltage electric motors have been designed to last between 150,000 to 200,000 miles. Hybrids have a standard 12V battery that supplies power for everything except the high-voltage electric motors. The 12V battery can be jumpstarted like a regular car, but if the high-voltage battery ever dies the hybrid would need to be towed to a dealer for service. To replace a battery pack could cost anywhere from $1,000 - $2,000.
5/23/04
Electric Fans
Q: Do all cars have a belt that turns the coolant fan?
A: No. Many fans are driven by an electric motor. Most new passenger cars use an electric fan because it is more efficient and more suitable for front-wheel drive vehicles. Use caution when working on a vehicle with an electric fan. Electric fans can start without the engine running. Keep your fingers away from the fan area. If you need to work near an electric fan, disconnect your car’s negative battery cable.
5/30/04
White Smoke
Q: I have white smoke coming from the tailpipe on my car, what might be the problem?
A: Be aware that all cars, new ones included, may release a little white vapor when cold. This is caused from condensation in a car’s exhaust system. Water dripping from the tailpipe is also fairly common from condensation. However if your car billows out white smoke after it is warm, you may have a problem. White smoke indicates that the engine is burning coolant. This means that coolant is getting into the cylinders and burning with the air-fuel mixture. Another indication of burning coolant would be a low coolant level in the radiator or overflow bottle. A blown head gasket, cracked block, or cracked head can cause coolant to leak into the cylinders. To prevent severe engine damage, do not continue to drive your car. Have a technician look into the problem.
5/30/04
Tire Balancing
Q: Should I get my tires rebalanced every time I have them rotated?
A: You should get your tires rebalanced if you notice vibrations or if the tires are wearing abnormally. You should also get a tire rebalanced if it has been removed from the rim during repair. But to have the tires rebalanced every 7500 miles probably is not cost effective depending on the price of the tire. If you do not notice any vibrations or abnormal wear I would only recommend getting the tires rebalanced in the middle of their life – often this is at the 30,000 mile interval. And next time you buy a set of tires, look for a tire company that gives free rotations and balancing for the life of the tires.
6-6-04
Headlights
Q: How difficult is it to replace a blown out headlight?
A: Most vehicles today have composite headlight bulbs. On cars that have composite headlights you do not replace the outer glass of the headlamp, just the bulb inside the casing. These bulbs are relatively easy to replace. Owner’s manuals will commonly explain how to replace headlights. To replace a composite headlight bulb you will need to pop open the hood, locate the bulb behind the headlight casing, turn the fastener that holds the bulb in place, unplug the old bulb, and install the new bulb. When installing the new bulb, do not touch the glass part. Oil from your hands may shorten the bulb’s life.
6-6-04
Tire Pressure
Q: How do I know what is the correct pressure for my car’s tires?
A: Usually automotive manufacturers put a tire placard with information regarding proper tire pressure inside the driver’s side doorjamb, on the door edge, inside the glove box, or inside the fuel door. If you are unable to locate the tire placard, look inside your owner’s manual for tire inflation specifications. The psi (pounds per square inch) rating given on the side of the tire is the maximum inflation rating. Inflating the tires to the maximum rating is usually only needed when carrying heavy loads. Follow the inflation specifications on the tire placard to achieve the greatest performance, maneuverability, and ride.
6-13-04
Mufflers
Q: My car is louder than it was a couple of years ago, but I don’t see any visible holes in the exhaust system. What might be the problem?
A: Inside most mufflers are baffles. The baffles help reduce noise. Since mufflers rust from the inside out, it is most likely that your muffler is worn out. When replacing the muffler, you may also consider replacing the intermediate pipe (the pipe between the muffler and the catalytic converter) and the tailpipe. Replacing all of these components at once makes installation much easier as compared to only replacing the muffler.
6-13-04
MPG
Q: How do I calculate the fuel efficiency of my car?
A: To calculate how many miles per gallon (mpg) your car is achieving divide the number of miles traveled by the number of gallons used. For example, if you traveled 300 miles and used 15 gallons of gasoline, your car got 20 mpg.
6-20-04
Differential Fluid
Q: I have a 4x4 pickup and recently had the front and rear differential fluid changed. What could be causing fluid to leak from a hose that is attached to the differential?
A: Differentials have vent hoses. One end of the hose is attached to the differential, while the other end is attached to the truck’s frame. The differential was most likely overfilled. Look for the fill plug on the differential. Get an oil drain pan and remove the fill plug. Oil should only be filled to the bottom of the fill hole. If excess oil starts to come out, let it drain until the fluid gets to the bottom of the hole. Refer to a service manual for specific filler plug locations.
6-20-04
Blue Smoke
Q: What could cause blue smoke to come from my car’s tailpipe?
A: Blue smoke indicates oil burning. This usually signifies that the piston rings are worn. When the piston rings are worn, oil can bypass the piston and enter the combustion chamber. The oil is then burned with the air-fuel mixture. Your engine may need rebuilding.
6-27-04
Road Tar
Q: I drove through a construction zone and tar spattered on my fenders. What should be used to get road tar off paint?
A: A product called “Bug and Tar Remover” can be used to remove road tar. Bug and tar remover comes in wipes, aerosol cans, gels, spray bottles, and pour bottles. Often you only have to apply the product and wipe off with a shop towel. Real stubborn spots may require rubbing. Follow instructions on the product. Depending on the brand, tar remover may strip the wax off the paint. Once you have removed the tar, wash the spots with car wash soap, rinse, and then apply a new coat of wax to the area.
6-27-04
Repair Manuals
Q: I own a 1998 Honda Civic and need a repair manual that is specific for that vehicle. Many automotive repair manuals are too general. Who makes a model specific manual and where can I purchase one?
A: Two companies, Haynes and Chilton, make specific aftermarket manuals for just about every car on the road. These manuals are relatively inexpensive, often priced between $15 and $25. Haynes and Chilton are available at auto parts stores, bookstores, online stores, and the library. Another option would be to purchase shop manuals directly from the dealer or through online sources. These manuals are more comprehensive than aftermarket manuals, but can run between $50 and $200.
7-04-04
Public Auto Auctions
Q: I am interested in buying a car from an auto auction. What things should I look for when I inspect the car?
A: Auto auctions commonly have an inspection period before the auction takes place. Write down the vehicle identification number (VIN) and run a report about the vehicle’s history using a company like www.carfax.com. Carfax will give you a detailed report about whether the vehicle has had serious problems such as being flooded or if it was previously totaled. Reports can also identify the vehicle’s previous use (e.g., if it was used commercially) and its emission inspection records. If you do not have Internet access available at the auction, set up to call a friend with the VIN number and have them run a report on the Internet for you. You should also look for things such as leaking oil, holes in the exhaust, cracked CV boots, or mismatched paint. Use the inspection time to your advantage to check over the vehicle thoroughly. Don’t bid more than the car is worth. Have access to a price guide such as Kelley Blue Book (www.kbb.com) or Edmunds (www.edmunds.com) to help you determine a fair market value.
7-04-04
Engine Oil Checking
Q: How often should I check my car’s engine oil?
A: Oil is crucial to your car engine’s longevity. Get into the habit of checking the oil every time you fill up with fuel. Checking the oil often will help you identify oil leaks early. This simple task could save you thousands of dollars in repairs.
7-11-04
Chattering Windshield Wipers
Q: My windshield wipers are starting to make a chattering noise. Do I need to replace them and how much do they normally cost?
A: If your wipers are chattering, smearing, streaking, or skipping, it is a sign to replace them. The rubber on wiper blades gets worn and dried out over time with exposure to the elements such as tree sap, dirt, sunlight, and changes in temperature. Do not take a chance having poor visibility. Wiper blade refill sets usually run between $5-$10, while whole wiper blades usually cost around $20-$25 a set. Always replace wiper blades in pairs. I recommend replacing the whole blade, not just the rubber “refill” component. This is because the metal pivoting points can also wear out or become damaged, which can cause the blade to apply uneven pressure across the windshield. Also, do not forget that many SUVs and minivans have rear wipers on the back window that need periodic replacement.
7-11-04
Prorated Warranties
Q: I have a three-year-old battery that needs replacing. What does it mean when the battery has a “prorated” warranty?
A: Even if your car battery has a 5-year warranty, this doesn’t mean you will get one for free for the whole 5-year period. Depending on the battery manufacturer, a free replacement period usually lasts between 6-18 months. If your battery is three years old, you will pay a per month charge from the original purchased date to get a replacement. Unfortunately, the prorated cost in the 3-4 year period is sometimes higher than the original battery cost. If this is the case, look for a new battery that has a longer free replacement period.
7-18-04
Wheel Alignment
Q: What may cause my steering wheel to pull to the right while driving?
A: Your car is most likely out of alignment. Incorrect alignment reduces tire life and can cause unsafe driving. You should take your car to a tire shop or service center that specializes in wheel alignments. Correcting the alignment will increase fuel economy, improve handling, and extend tire life.
7-18-04
Spark Plug Gap
Q: What does it mean to gap a spark plug?
A: When you gap a spark plug you set the distance between the electrodes. The side electrode, also called the ground electrode, is the piece that protrudes out and makes an “L” shape. The center electrode is the piece that is in the center of the plug. The distance between the two electrodes has to be exact for the spark to fire correctly; otherwise the engine will not run efficiently. To gap a spark plug insert a wire gap gauge or a flat feeler gauge between the electrodes and adjust to the correct gap distance. The gap distance is usually given in thousandths of an inch. The correct gap distance should be on the EPA sticker in the engine compartment.
7-25-04
Leaky Heater Core
Q: There is a sweet smell in my car coming from the air vents. Is this something I should be concerned about?
A: This sweet smell is probably an indication of a leaky heater core. The heater core is like a little radiator. It is mounted between the engine compartment and the passenger compartment. The heater core is used to transfer heat to the inside of the vehicle when you turn on the heater blower. If it is leaking, it drips in the heater ducts and sometimes on the floor inside the car. When the blower is turned on, the odor circulates inside the passenger compartment. Check to see if your coolant level is low. Do not open a hot radiator cap. If your coolant gets excessively low, you run the risk of overheating your car’s engine and causing internal damage. If your coolant level is low, have your local service center perform a cooling system pressure test to find the leak.
7-25-04
Shaking at 40 mph
Q: Traveling around 40 mph my car begins to shake. What do you think is causing this problem?
A: Shaking can be caused by tires being out of balance, broken belts in a tire, or worn suspension components. Tires that are out of balance can cause vibrations at different speeds leading to unsafe driving. Bring your car in to a tire service center to have your tires inspected and rebalanced.
8-1-04
Hybrid vs. Regular Car
Q: What is the difference between a hybrid car and a regular car?
A: The main difference is the source of power. Most conventional cars run only on fossil fuels (e.g., gasoline or diesel). Hybrid cars have two sources of power – a fossil fuel such as gasoline and electricity from batteries. Conveniently, hybrid cars do not need to be plugged in. While driving, the batteries are charged as needed by generators or through regenerative braking. Regenerative braking uses the same electric motors that propel the car to also slow it down. When braking, the electric motors act like generators and convert energy of motion (kinetic energy) to electric energy to help slow down the car. This action makes hybrid cars much more energy efficient than conventional cars because they reduce the amount of energy wasted. Some gasoline engines in hybrids also shut down at stoplights or in stop and go traffic to conserve energy.
8-1-04
Oil Recycling
Q: Why is it important to recycle used motor oil and where do I take it?
A: According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), improperly dumping oil from one oil change can contaminate one million gallons of groundwater. Many service centers that perform oil changes are required to accept used motor oil from do-it-yourselfers. Call local garages or your county’s environmental services department for collection locations. To find out more about the importance of motor oil recycling, go online to www.epa.gov or www.earth911.org.
8-8-04
Tire Cracking
Q: What causes my motorhome and boat trailer tires to crack?
A: Ultraviolet light and ozone are the key factors that make tires crack. Tires that are not used frequently, like those on trailers and motorhomes, are more likely to crack than tires on your everyday car. Tire manufacturers include a wax-type component built into the rubber that releases as the tire is used. This component protects against ozone. The problem with motorhomes, boat trailers, and collector cars that don’t get used often is that the wax isn’t released. Tire manufacturers also include a component called carbon black to protect against ultraviolet (UV) light. To slow the cracking process, cover the tires when stored outside. Before storing for long periods of time, use a tire protectant that contains UV stabilizers.
8-8-04
Pulsating Brakes
Q: Why does my brake pedal pulsate while applying the brakes?
A: Under heavy braking, you might feel the ABS (Antilock Braking System) working. If you are getting a pulsation under normal braking, your wheel lug nuts may be unevenly tightened. Lug nuts should be evenly tightened using a torque wrench. Look in the owner’s manual for lug nut torque specifications. If you are still getting a pulsation, the brake rotor may be warped. A qualified technician can use a tool called a dial indicator to identify if a brake rotor is warped.
8-15-04
Window Tinting
Q: I want to tint my windows. Do you think that as a beginner I can produce a professional result?
A: Tinting windows takes time, patience, and a dust free environment. When purchasing window tint, make sure you comply with local and state laws regarding tint shades and placement. Professional tint installers use high quality tint, which is usually not what you find at a retail store. They use specialty tools such as a pressurized solution tank and a heat gun to form the tint to a curved window. If you have never tinted a window before and can’t get assistance from someone with experience, it might be best to bring your tint job to a professional for professional looking results. If you want to give it a try, always follow the exact directions on the product label and buy the best tint you can find. Be patient about working out air bubbles with a rubber squeegee and make sure you don’t trap any dust under the tint.
8-15-04
Temporary Spares
Q: How fast can you drive on a temporary spare?
A: Most temporary spare tires are designed for a maximum speed of 50 mph. Only use this type of tire to reach a facility that can repair or replace your original tire. Before returning your spare to the storage location, check the air pressure. It is common that the air pressure in a temporary spare is higher than in your regular tires. Always read the owner’s manual and tire sidewall for specific information.
8-23-04
Undercoating
Q: Do you think it is worth it to have a car undercoated?
A: If you plan on keeping your vehicle for more than four years and live in an area where road salt is an issue, undercoating can be a valuable addition to your vehicle. Undercoating a vehicle can slow the rust process. Ideally, it is best to undercoat the vehicle when it is brand new, since the underbody is clean at this time.
8-23-04
Insurance Numbers
Q: What do the numbers 100/300/50 mean on my insurance policy?
A: These numbers indicate the amount of money the insurance company will pay out if you are at fault in an accident. The first number (100) indicates that this policy would have $100,000 bodily injury coverage per person. The second number (300) indicates that the policy would have a limit of $300,000 bodily injury per accident. The last number (50) sets the property damage limit at $50,000.
8-30-04
Overheating
Q: My car sometimes overheats when in traffic. I also hear a loud fan or belt noise. What’s going on?
A: When moving down the highway air is forced through your car’s radiator to help cool the engine. Your radiator fan is also designed to draw air through the radiator to assist in this cooling process, especially at slow speeds or when stopped. Depending on your vehicle, you either have an electrical fan or one that is mechanically belt driven. If you are hearing a belt noise, check the belt tension. Do this by pushing down on the belt between two pulleys when the engine is off. You should only have about a half inch of deflection (movement) for each foot of length between two pulleys. If you have more deflection than this, the belt may be loose and slipping. Also inspect the belt to see if it is cracked, glazed, torn, or if pieces are missing. A slipping belt can also cause the water pump not to circulate the coolant efficiently. If your vehicle has an electric fan, the sensor that sends the signal to run the fan or the electric motor itself may be faulty. Remember to always work on an engine when it is off and that an electric fan can start at any time even when the key is off. Disconnect the negative battery cable for safety.
8-30-04
Windshield Chips
Q: Can chips in windshields be fixed?
A: Many chips can be repaired. Check your local yellow pages for a windshield repair company. The cost to fix a chip is much lower than replacing the windshield. Most repairs can be completed in less than half an hour. A special tool is used to remove the air in the chipped area. Then, resin is used to fill and bond the glass.
9-6-04
Barrel of Crude Oil
Q: According to the news reports, crude oil prices per barrel are at record highs. How many gallons of gasoline does a barrel of crude oil make?
A: A barrel is equal to 42 gallons of crude oil. Crude oil goes through a distillation process at a refinery to make gasoline and other products. According to the American Petroleum Institute, one barrel of crude oil can make about 19.4 gallons of gasoline, 9.7 gallons of fuel oil, and smaller quantities of other products.
9-6-04
Payload Capacity
Q: I am looking at purchasing a Ford pickup. How much can I haul with an F-150?
A: Traditionally, a Ford F-150 was considered a ½ ton pickup. The technical term, payload, is the weight of the passengers and cargo. The payload capacity varies depending on the engine, wheelbase, body type, and suspension system. Depending on the exact body type and engine size, a Ford F-150 has a load capacity between 1340-1990 pounds. Automotive manufacturers offer many options including “Heavy Duty Payload Packages”. Adding this option can increase the payload capacity 1000 pounds on some models. Go to www.fordvehicles.com to find more information about the specific truck you are researching.
9-13-04
Timing Belt
Q: Does a timing belt have to be changed as part of routine maintenance?
A: Depending on the engine type, the timing belt should be changed every 60,000 to 90,000 miles. On some engines (called interference engines), if the timing belt breaks severe internal engine damage can result. Always check your owner’s manual for routine maintenance schedules that are specific to your vehicle.
9-13-04
Water Spots
Q: What is the best way to eliminate water spots after washing my car?
A: Using a chamois to dry your car after washing can easily prevent water spots. A chamois, commonly made from sheepskin, is super absorbent. A dry chamois will be hard and abrasive. Before using a chamois, wet it and ring it out. Drag it over the finish to pull off the water. Keep ringing out excess water. The chamois should stay damp when you are using it.
9-20-04
Car Insurance for Teenagers
Q: My son will be turning 16 soon. What types of cars will be the most economical to insure for him and what can I do to lower the rates?
A: As you have found out, insuring a teenager is expensive. Some cars are less than others to insure for your teenage driver. In general, sports cars and sport-utility vehicles are the most expensive to insure for young drivers. Look for cars that have anti-lock brakes, airbags, and anti-theft devices. To find safety ratings on specific cars, go to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety’s website at www.iihs.org. While shopping around for insurance, ask the insurer about good grade discounts. Students on the honor roll can often get a 10% -25% discount. Educate your child about the importance of keeping their driving record free of tickets and accidents. Check with your insurance company if additional discounts are available for teenagers that take accredited driver education safety courses.
9-20-04
Recalls
Q: How do I find out if there is a recall on my vehicle?
A: If your vehicle has had a safety recall, the auto manufacturer is mandated to send a first-class letter to your registered residence. Manufacturers get your mailing information from your state’s department of motor vehicle office. If you are unsure if your vehicle has a recall, go to www.safercar.gov and check its status by clicking on “Check for Recalls”.
9-27-04
Battery Light
Q: I replaced the battery when my car’s battery light came on but it did not fix the problem. What else could be causing the light to come on?
A: The alternator may not be recharging the battery. To complete a simple test on the alternator, follow these steps. Obtain a voltmeter that can test direct current (DC) voltage. Connect the voltmeter to the battery. With the engine off, the reading should be around 12.6 volts. Start the engine. The voltmeter now should show a reading of 14.0 to 14.5 volts. If the reading is less than that, the alternator may not be recharging the battery as required.
9-27-04
Fire Extinguishers
Q: I am looking to purchase an all-purpose fire extinguisher for my garage. What type should I buy?
A: Fire extinguishers are designed to put out specific types of fires. Fires need oxygen, heat, and fuel to exist. A fire extinguisher removes one of these requirements to put a fire out. A-type extinguishers put out wood, paper, and cloth fires. B-type extinguishers put out gasoline, oil, and grease fires. C-type extinguishers put out electrical fires. An all-purpose fire extinguisher will have a combination A-B-C rating.
10-4-04
Extended Warranties
Q: Is it sensible to purchase an extended warranty when buying a new car?
A: This depends on several factors. First, it depends on how you use your vehicle. Do you put excessive stress on the engine, transmission, or other components (e.g., when towing a trailer)? How long do you plan on owning the vehicle? Most auto manufacturers give a minimum of a 3-year/36 mile bumper-to-bumper warranty. If you get a new car every 4 years or so, it is usually not worth it to purchase an extended warranty. Also, read consumer based ratings to determine the reliability of past models. If you buy a high quality automobile with good reliability records and maintain it as required, put the money you would spend on an extended warranty in a bank account and keep that for your own private insurance if something happens down the road. Be sure to read the fine print if you do decide to purchase an extended warranty.
10-4-04
Catalytic Converter
Q: What could be causing a rotten egg smell to come out of my car’s tailpipe?
A: The smell is from a sulfur buildup in the catalytic converter. The converter or other emission system component may be faulty. If the check engine light has come on, a diagnostic code is triggered and stored in the car’s computer. A service technician can retrieve the code with a scan tool. Sometimes you can get a tank of gas that has a high sulfur content. Try filling up with a different brand of gasoline. If this doesn’t work, a repair facility may be able to diagnose the problem further by using an exhaust gas analyzer.
10-11-04
Keyless Remote
Q: What could be causing my keyless entry system not to work?
A: Periodically you will need to change the battery in the keyless remote. As the battery’s life is near the end, it may work intermittently. You should be able to purchase a new battery at most discount department stores (e.g., Wal-Mart) and automotive parts stores.
10-11-04
High Pitched Squeal
Q: When I accelerate I hear a high-pitched squeal coming from the engine. What could be the problem?
A: Your vehicle may have a loose or glazed drive belt. Drive belts turn the water pump, air conditioning compressor, power steering pump, and alternator. When you accelerate you are putting more stress on the engine. As the belt is forced to rotate faster it may be slipping. The slipping can cause a squealing noise. Some belts can be tightened manually, while others have a tensioner that keeps them tight. Look for cracks, pieces missing, or fraying. A new belt will cost between $5.00 and $50.00.
10-18-04
Tire Tread Depth
Q: How long do tires last and how can I tell when I need new ones?
A: New tires commonly last between 40,000 and 60,000 miles. This depends on the type of vehicle you drive, how often the tires are rotated, tire quality, and driving habits. If you ever see steel belts coming out of the tires replace them immediately. Tires are worn out when the tread is worn down to 1/16th of an inch. Tire wear bar indicators are placed in the tread to identify this depth. Tire stores will use a tread depth gauge to measure the amount of tread left on a tire. You can also use a penny to make sure your tires are OK. Turn the penny so Lincoln’s head is closest to the tire. Place the penny, head first, in between one of the tread grooves. If you can see the very top of Lincoln’s head, your tire is worn out.
10-18-04
Winter Safety Kit
Q: What should I include in a winter safety kit for my car?
A: Winter driving can be hazardous. You may find yourself stranded late at night in a parking lot, alongside a desolate road, or in a ditch. Certain items can help you get through an unexpected situation until help arrives. Before it gets cold outside and the snow is blowing put together the following items: basic first aid kit, tool kit, pocket knife, flashlight with new batteries, duct tape, blanket, jumper cables, gloves, hand/feet warmers, protein/energy bars, portable shovel, candles, matches, windshield scraper, a coffee can full of sand, and extra winter clothing. When you leave for your trip don’t forget your cell phone and a couple of bottles of water. It is also a good idea to let someone know your travel route and when you are expected to arrive.
10-25-04
Filling Up
Q: When filling up is it OK to top off the tank?
A: You should not top off the tank. Topping off the tank increases the likelihood of spills and can cause excess fuel to evaporate in the air. When this happens you are polluting the environment and wasting money spent on fuel that you are not using. Fuel vapors are toxic and bad for your health. Overfilling can also cause your car’s fuel vapor system not to work properly. Besides, your tank needs additional space for fuel to expand. To avoid any potentially hazardous situations, stop fueling when the pump clicks the first time.
10-25-04
Antifreeze Testing
Q: How often should I test my car’s antifreeze?
A: Test the antifreeze in the fall and in the spring. Antifreeze protects against the coolant freezing when cold and boiling over when hot. Most car manufacturers require a mixture of 50% distilled water to 50% antifreeze. Use an antifreeze hydrometer to test the freeze and boil levels. Antifreeze mixed at 50/50 will have a freeze protection to –34 degrees Fahrenheit and a boil protection up to 265 degrees Fahrenheit. When testing the antifreeze, do not open a hot radiator cap. Severe burns could result. If you have to add antifreeze check in your owner’s manual to make sure you are adding the correct type.
11-01-04
Sticker Price
Q: When purchasing a new car how much below sticker price should I pay?
A: The sticker price on a new vehicle is also called the Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price (MSRP). Few vehicles sell at MSRP. The first thing you need to determine is what the dealership paid for the vehicle. Dealer cost is the amount that the dealer actually pays for the vehicle after holdbacks and incentives. When you see advertisements such as “$100 under dealer invoice” the dealerships are still making a profit. Commonly 2-3% can be estimated off the dealer invoice to establish the dealer’s actual cost to account for holdbacks and incentives from the manufacturer. It is reasonable and fair to offer 4% more than dealer cost. For example a car with an MSRP of $20,000 may have a dealer invoice of $18,000 and an actual dealer cost of $17,460. A fair offer on the vehicle may be $18,158 (4% over dealer cost). Remember always negotiate up from the dealer cost not down from MSRP. Kelley Blue Book (www.kbb.com) lists dealer invoice on most new vehicles. Remember to ask for any special incentives offered by the car manufacturer.
11-01-04
Windshield Washer Fluid
Q: Can I use water instead of windshield washer fluid?
A: It is not recommended to use only water. Remember, water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit. If you live in an area that the temperature gets below freezing, you will risk cracking your car’s windshield washer reservoir and pump. Windshield washer fluid, commonly blue in color, is formulated to protect against freezing and has chemicals to clean road grime from the windshield. Windshield washer fluid is inexpensive, usually $1.00 to $1.50 a gallon.
11-08-04
Oil Leak
Q: I recently had my oil changed and now it seems that my engine is leaking oil. What could cause it to leak related to the oil change?
A: On some vehicles when the oil plug is removed oil may collect in a frame member. This is a poor manufacturer design, but does happen on some vehicles. If the technician doesn’t clean inside this frame member it will appear that the engine is leaking oil. However, the old oil is just dripping from where it collected on the frame. If this is not the case, check to see if the oil is leaking from the oil plug or oil filter. Some oil plugs have rubber or plastic gaskets. Over time this gasket can become cracked. Another thing that could have happened is that the old oil filter gasket got stuck on the engine block without the technician noticing it. If the new oil filter is installed without removing this old gasket, an oil leak will develop.
11-08-04
Tire Road Hazard Insurance
Q: What is tire road hazard insurance and how much does it cost?
A: Tire road hazard insurance can be purchased from your tire dealer when you purchase new tires. Some tire dealers and manufacturers include this in the cost of the tire, while others may charge around $10.00 per tire for the insurance. This covers the cost to replace the tire if it is damaged beyond repair. Road hazard warranty coverage is only valid if the tire has more than 2/32 of an inch of tread. In addition to the minimum amount of tread, some tire manufacturers have time limits like 3 or 5 years. Tires used on commercial vehicles are also not commonly covered. To fully understand what is covered, be sure to read the fine print.
11-15-04
Resetting the Service Indicator Light
Q: I changed the oil on my car and the “change oil” light still stays on. How do I reset this light?
A: New cars are commonly equipped with service indicator lights to remind auto owners when to perform some basic maintenance procedures such as oil changes. Each manufacturer has its own method of resetting the light. Look in your owner’s manual or complete an Internet search of the vehicle’s make and model and include the phrase “resetting service indicator light.”
11-15-04
Fuel Filter Replacement
Q: How often should I replace the fuel filter on my car?
A: Clogged or partially restricted fuel filters slow fuel delivery to fuel injectors, lower the performance of the engine, and cause excessive wear on the fuel pump. The fuel filter removes rust and other contaminants in the fuel. It is a good idea to change the fuel filter every 2 years, 24,000 miles, or as recommended by the automotive manufacturer.
11-22-04
Brake Rotors
Q: Do brake rotors need to be replaced when replacing the brake pads?
A: Not always. Brake rotors can usually be refinished using a brake lathe. This refinishing process is sometimes called turning the rotors. The technician will measure the thickness of the rotor using a micrometer and determine if the rotor can be refinished. Auto manufacturers list the minimum allowable rotor thickness for each vehicle model. If the rotors are excessively warped or worn to the extent that they cannot be turned, then they must be replaced.
11-22-04
Cupping Tires
Q: What does it mean when tires are cupped?
A: The tread on the tire has abnormal wear. Cupping can be caused by improper tire balance, weak shocks or struts, or other worn suspension components. This abnormal wear occurs when the tire bounces slightly as it is rotating down the highway. To check your shocks and struts, complete a bounce test on the car. Push down on the end of the car that the tires are wearing abnormally and see what happens. The car should bounce back up and stop bouncing. If the car continues to bounce more than twice, the shocks or struts could be worn. Check both the front and back of the car. Remember to rotate tires every 7500 miles to maximize their life.
11-29-04
Block Heaters
Q: I recently moved to a cold climate and was told I should get a block heater for my car. What is a block heater?
A: A block heater is a heating element that is put into the engine block to heat the antifreeze. By heating the antifreeze, heat is transferred throughout the block making it easier to start the engine in cold weather. To install a block heater, a technician removes a plug in the engine block, puts in a block heater element in place of the plug, and then connects an electrical cord to the element routing it through the grill. When the temperature is extremely cold outside, plug in the block heater ½ hour to 1 hour before starting to warm the engine.
11-29-04
Belt Routing Diagram
Q: I want to change the serpentine belt on my engine, but am a little wary that I will not remember how to route the new belt. Where can I find a belt routing diagram for my engine?
A: Commonly a belt routing diagram sticker is on the underside of the hood or in the engine compartment. If there is no diagram, make a sketch of the belt and pulleys before removing the belt. This will help you re-route the new belt correctly.
12-6-04
Car Rental Insurance
Q: Should I pay for the insurance add-on when I rent a car?
A: If you have an automotive insurance policy that includes third party liability, collision, and comprehensive it may cover the insurance on rental cars. It is best to contact your insurance agent to clarify whether or not you need to purchase additional coverage when renting a car. Call your credit card company too. Some credit card companies offer car insurance if you charge the rental car on your card. Also check your insurance policy if it covers the cost of the rental car. If your vehicle is being repaired and is being covered by your collision or comprehensive insurance, you may have a car rental endorsement that pays that expense. If you do not hold a car insurance policy, you should pay the extra for the rental insurance. This will cover you from lawsuits and property damage if you get in an accident during the rental period.
12-6-04
Traction in the Snow
Q: What type of car has better traction in the snow – front wheel drive or rear wheel drive?
A: Front wheel drive cars have better traction in the snow. The weight of the engine and transmission over the tires helps the tires get excellent traction on slippery roads. However, rear wheel drive cars that have traction control can also be good in the snow.
12-13-04
ASE Technicians
Q: What does it mean when a technician is ASE certified?
A: An ASE certified technician is one that has passed rigorous tests in specific areas of automotive, heavy-duty truck, parts specialist, school bus repair, machining, or collision repair. ASE stands for Automotive Service Excellence. Currently, there are over 400,000 people that have ASE certifications. The National Institute of Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) provides testing for individuals that want to become certified technicians or parts specialists. There are over 40 different tests covering everything from brakes to automatic transmissions to collision repair. Technicians can become certified in more than one area and can become a Master Technician when several tests are passed. A technician that wears the ASE logo represents a commitment to quality. To keep the certifications current, tests are retaken every five years.
12-13-04
Winter Wiper Blades
Q: What are winter wiper blades?
A: Winter wiper blades have a protective rubber boot over the pivoting mechanisms on the wiper. This rubber boot keeps snow, ice, and slush from clogging the blade, allowing the wiper to provide even pressure on the windshield even in extreme wintry weather. Winter blades cost around $10 each depending on the vehicle.
12-20-04
Automatic Belt Tensioner
Q: I was told that a serpentine belt should last 50,000 miles or more. But on my car I had to replace the serpentine belt twice over the last year. What could be the problem?
A: Serpentine belts should be replaced every 4 years or 50,000 miles. You should not have to replace the serpentine belt twice in one year. The problem could be a worn automatic belt tensioner and/or idler pulley. The belt tensioner keeps the belt tight and vibrations to a minimum. If the bearing on the tensioner is worn, the belt may get out of alignment causing wear on the sides and fraying. If the spring on the tensioner is worn, the belt can slip and cause glazing of the belt’s surface. Glazing leads to belt squealing. When replacing the belt, check the belt routing diagram sticker (usually in the engine compartment) to make sure you correctly installed the belt.
12-20-04
Snow Tires vs. All-Season Tires
Q: Why are snow tires used if all-season radials are supposed to be good all year?
A: For many drivers, all-season radials will be sufficient. However, if you live in the snow belt and do a large amount of winter driving you may want to consider snow tires. Snow tires have a more aggressive tread and are more flexible than all-season tires. This gives snow tires superior traction in the winter. Even though an all-season radial may have a “M+S” (mud and snow) designation, it is not truly a snow tire. A certified snow tire will have a snowflake-on-a-mountain icon on the tire’s sidewall. This designation identifies that the tire met strict standards during American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) snow tests.
12-27-04
Engine Block
Q: What would cause an engine block to crack?
A: A block can crack if the coolant (antifreeze and water mixture) freezes. An engine block has many coolant passageways. If the coolant does not have the correct antifreeze to water mixture, then the coolant is more susceptible to freezing. Coolant that freezes expands. If the force from the freezing coolant inside the engine is great enough, then the block could crack. Use an antifreeze tester to determine whether you have the correct mixture. For most climates, a mixture of 50% water and 50% antifreeze is the best. This mixture will not freeze even at -35 degrees.
12-27-04
Tire Pressure and Temperature
Q: The pressure in my tires changes from when I park inside my heated garage to when I check them outside in the cold weather. What is going on here?
A: Generally, a tire’s air pressure changes 1 psi (pounds per square inch) for every 10 degrees Fahrenheit (F) change in temperature. The air pressure goes up when the temperature increases and goes down when the temperature decreases. For example, if you have your car parked in a heated garage at 70 degrees F and then drive your car when it is 0 degrees F outside your tires may be as much as 7 psi too low. If you are checking the tires inside the warm garage, you need to adjust the tire pressure for what the temperature is outside. To do this, you need to add 1 psi for every 10 degrees F difference between the garage and outside.
1-3-05
Antifreeze Mix-Up
Q: I accidentally poured a gallon of windshield washer fluid in the radiator overflow reservoir. What should I do?
A: If you have already run the engine, the two fluids have mixed. You should have the coolant flushed and refilled. Be sure to go to a shop that will actually "flush" the system, not just drain it. They should put a mixture of 50% antifreeze to 50% water back into the system. Also, check to make sure the shop uses an environmentally friendly way to recycle the old antifreeze. Depending on the coolant capacity of the system, the flush and refill process will cost around $75-$100.
1-3-05
Leaks in Tire
Q: How do you check for a slow leak in a tubeless tire?
A: Fill a spray bottle with a soapy water mixture. A small amount of dish detergent in water usually works well. Completely coat the tire by spraying the tread, the bead (the connection between the rubber tire and the rim), and the valve stem. A leak in the tire will start to blow little bubbles. Be sure to carefully check the valve stem and bead because they are common culprits for slow leaks.
1-10-05
Fogged Windshield
Q: What causes fog to form on the inside of my car's windshield during cold weather?
A: Fog forms from humidity in the air. In the winter the air outside the vehicle is generally very dry. Moisture is added to air inside the car from passengers breathing. Exhaled air is very moist. To reduce the moisture in the air inside the car you need to keep air flowing in from the outside. Many car heating and cooling systems have two settings: (1) to recirculate the air or (2) to bring air in from the outside. Since the cold air is less humid, turn the setting so the air is brought in from the outside. You can also use the air conditioning (AC) with the temperature control set to hot to heat the inside passenger compartment. The AC will pull excess moisture from the air.
1-10-05
Taillight Fuse
Q: What could be causing my truck's taillight fuse to continue to blow? Can I just put a higher amp fuse in the fuse box?
A: A fuse blows due to an overload of electricity through a circuit. A short circuit or a component drawing too much current can cause this. A shorted circuit may be more likely in your case. Many trucks have wiring for trailers that can become problematic. When trailer wiring is installed, aftermarket "T" plugs can be used that plug directly into the wiring of the vehicle. Instead of using "T" plugs, sometimes trailer wire connectors are just spiced into the truck's wiring. Check all connections for corrosion or wires that have the insulation removed. Also check the taillight bulb sockets for corrosion. Use dielectric grease in the sockets and in trailer wiring connections to reduce corrosion. If the fuse blows only when you plug in the trailer, the trailer wiring is the culprit. Never replace the fuse with a higher rated fuse. Serious electric damage could result.
1-17-05
No Heat
Q: My car never seems to warm up inside. When I turn on the heater I get plenty of airflow but the air is lukewarm at best. What do I need to do to get hot air in my car?
A: Your problem may be the car’s thermostat. The thermostat controls the circulation of coolant in the engine. If the thermostat is stuck open, the coolant never gets a chance to warm up to the optimal temperature (usually 180 to 195 degrees Fahrenheit). And since the coolant is used to heat the inside of your car by flowing through the heater core, you only get warm air through the air vents. Also, check to make sure your engine is not low on coolant. If the coolant is low in the engine, air pockets can form. This can lead to a loss of heat in the passenger cabin. A clogged heater core can also cause heater problems. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for coolant flushes to avoid crud being built up in the coolant system. Inoperative heater control valves are also potential problems in getting heat inside the car.
1-17-05
Frozen Gas Lines
Q: What can I do to prevent frozen gas lines?
A: Gas lines freeze when water is present. Here are a few tips. Do not fill up at a gas station when they are getting fuel. Water is present in underground tanks and generally does not cause a problem since the fuel pick up for the gas pumps is several inches from the bottom. But when a semi-tanker is “dropping fuel” the water at the bottom of the underground tanks mixes with the gas. If you are pumping gas in your vehicle at that time, you may get excessive moisture in your tank. In addition, keep your tank as full as possible. Running the tank low increases the chances of condensation and water build-up. If you want added protection in the winter, use gas line antifreeze that absorbs water. Make sure the product you choose is safe for your engine.
1-24-05
Oil in the Air Filter Housing
Q: What may be causing oil to collect in the air cleaner housing on my car?
A: The most common suspect is the PCV valve. PCV stands for Positive Crankcase Ventilation. This little component is responsible for keeping crankcase pressure in check and recycling unburned fuel. An important component in the emissions system, the PCV valve reroutes any unburned fumes from the crankcase caused by blow-by to the intake manifold. Once in the intake, the fumes are eventually combined with the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber and then burned. This process minimizes hydrocarbons and other gases that are released into the atmosphere. The PCV valve is usually inserted in or near the valve cover.
1-24-05
Frozen Wipers
Q: During cold winter mornings my husband turns on the wipers to push the snow off the windshield. Is this bad for the wipers?
A: Turning the wipers on before clearing snow could burn out the wiper motor, strip the wiper arms, or blow the wiper fuse. Anytime it is below freezing outside make sure the wipers are not frozen down before turning them on. Lift them up carefully so you don’t rip the rubber blade or bend the wiper arm. If the wiper is really frozen down hard and you are unable to break it free, you should turn on the defrost to melt the ice on the windshield. It is also a good practice to always allow the wipers to go to the “park position” before shutting off the ignition.
1-31-05
Fuse Location
Q: My heater fan stopped working. Where would I find the fuse panel?
A: Fuse panels can be located in various places: under the hood, under the dash, driver's side edge of the instrument panel, or in the glove box. Look in your owner's manual's index under "fuses and circuit breakers" to find the specific location on your vehicle. Your owner's manual should also show you a diagram of the panel with all the fuses identified. Look under "climate control system", "heater", "htr a/c", or "blower motor". You can use a plastic fuse puller (usually provided and placed inside the fuse block cover) to remove the fuse. Look through the plastic part of the fuse to identify if it is blown. There is a wire filament in the fuse. If it is broken, you have found your problem. If the fuse is not blown, you may need a new blower motor.
1-31-05
Gas Fumes
Q: I smell gasoline coming from my car's air vents. What should I do?
A: Do not drive the car. Have it towed to a technician immediately. Gasoline fumes can be dangerous. You must have a gas leak somewhere. The air vents are pulling outside air into the passenger cabin. The outside air must be getting contaminated with gas vapors (probably from the engine compartment). A gas leak can be dangerous, so get it checked out by a qualified technician.
2-7-05
Brake Pad Squeal
Q: I just had new brake pads installed, but now I hear a squealing noise when I come to a stop. What could be causing the squeal?
A: Brake squeal comes from brake components vibrating. Sometimes new brake pads are made out of a harder semi-metallic material than the original equipment pads. I would always recommend installing OEM (original equipment manufacturer) brake pads or the highest quality that are available. High-quality pads will commonly have the front and back edges of the pad material cut at 45 degrees, which reduces the likelihood of vibration against the rotor. When a technician puts in new pads, the backs of the pads that come in contact with the caliper piston should be coated with an anti-squeal compound or have anti-squeal shims to prevent the metal from the brake caliper piston and the back of the pad from vibrating during braking. Vibration will cause a high-frequency noise. If applicable, anti-rattle clips should be reinstalled and in some cases replaced. In addition, the rotors should be replaced or resurfaced with a non-directional finish to help the new pads wear in properly. The rotors should also be thoroughly cleaned with a brake cleaner before reinstalling. Another component that may have been overlooked is the caliper glide, which moves in and out. When installing new brake pads the caliper glides/pins should be cleaned and new caliper grease applied to enable the caliper to move freely.
2-7-05
Hole in Muffler
Q: Is driving a car with a hole in the muffler dangerous?
A: A hole in the muffler may allow exhaust gases to enter the car’s passenger cabin. Carbon monoxide, a toxic substance in exhaust, comes from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel) and is colorless, tasteless, and odorless. It is a very dangerous and deadly gas. When inhaled, carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, carbon monoxide displaces oxygen and thereby reduces the body’s ability to absorb and transport oxygen to vital organs. I would recommend replacing the muffler to minimize the chance of breathing in these fumes.
2-14-05
Buy or Lease?
Q: I am looking at a new vehicle and am confused whether I should obtain a loan and buy it or if I should lease the vehicle. Would you give me some advice?
A: Leasing the vehicle will generally get you into a new car for a lower monthly payment than if you were purchasing it. However, at the end of the lease term (commonly 36 months) you do not own anything. If you always like driving a new car with the assurances of being under factory warranty, then leasing may be for you. If you like the idea of driving a car without payments for a couple of years, then purchasing may be for you. Also, purchasing the car makes more sense if you drive more than 15,000 miles a year, usually drive the vehicle for 5+ years, or like to alter the vehicle’s appearance. Check with your tax advisor for the tax benefits that may apply when purchasing or leasing a vehicle if you use your car for business purposes.
2-14-05
Door Hinge Squeak
Q: What can I use to get rid of the squeak from my car door hinge?
A: The hinge is squeaking due to friction and a lack of lubrication. Using a couple drops of motor oil, WD-40, 3-in-one oil, silicone spray, or white lithium grease will usually eliminate the squeak and lubricate the pivoting point. Lubricate the door hinges about once a year to avoid future problems.
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